I'll chime in on this. By no means am I claiming to be the end-all, be-all of the argument here (not like the debate will ever end). However, I am a full-time mechanic at an extremely busy 5-bay, 4-mechanic shop in a large ag community. I'm not trying to piss anyone off, but being this is a Ford forum, I'm sure someone is going to hate this. So, for what it's worth...
A few general opinions/notes: First, I feel that the majority of people who do own diesels simply shouldn't. It is very important to understand that really ANY diesel repair will cost you at least twice what the same gas engine repair will. Common misconceptions are that diesel engines are simple, easy to maintain and run forever. Modern diesels are extremely finicky, they are complex to diagnose correctly, and the labor times for the repairs are rather insane. Even 'simple' repairs will reach $1000 in a hurry.
Ford diesels... bread and butter of our business, hands down. As a rough rule, we will always have 2-3x as many Ford's on the lot as any other make. 7.3's... injector faults, glow plugs, and leaks are the common points. Most common cold start problems of any engine. Definitely the most reliable (6.7 excluded here, we don't see them yet) of the Fords but also the least desirable power delivery and trans package of the bunch. Rare to see engine problems with, all in all. As Ford's go, 7.3 is the one to stick with in my opinion.
6.0... haha. My favorite Ford, hands down. My stall has seen MANY week-long streaks of nothing but 6.0's. With deep enough pockets, they can be made 'reliable'. Keep in mind that the scope of the word 'reliable' with a 6.0 doesn't mean much. I will end the discussion here, feel free to ask if you want more details. I have plenty to offer.
6.4... basically a 6.0. Many people will tell you that it isn't, but put the two engines side by side and the 6.4 is essentially a 6.0 with a true common rail system and two turbos and two EGR coolers. This is an amazing engine/trans combo when they run correctly, however.
Cummins, good stuff. These are quite simple to work on relative to other makes. The auto trans is definitely the weak point on this powertrain, even in the new stuff. Stick to the 5- and 6-speed variants if you can. Early 24 valves (98-02) are excellent engines with minor fuel supply upgrades. Everyone argues this is an 'old stereotype', but I'll say it anyway. The rest of the truck will fall apart around these engines. The early common rail 24's (03-04) have many pattern injector failures that are engine eaters. I've replaced numerous engines in these. We're talking $9-13k replacements, fyi. Is this COMMON? No, but much, much more so than any other make. The new 6.7 has proven itself well with us so far. I had to replace one auto trans in a 100k mile truck, which is supposedly a pattern problem. Other than that, no complaints or much in-depth repair experience with them.
Duramax... Epic. Early ones were prone to injector problems, which GM remedied with a 7-yr, 200k mile warranty extension. Some head gasket problems, but rare compared to 6.0 head gasket failures. Definitely the most expensive and difficult to work on, but easily the ones we work on the least. The Allison is untouchable, especially the 6-speeds.
Sorry, ran out of time and didn't get to post everything I wanted to. I will try to come back and contrast this with gas powertrain info - hopefully I remember!