the D35 is pretty strong for what it is. the axles and u joints are close to the same size as a d44, it just isnt a solid axle. the ring gear in a d35 is smaller than tha of a d44 tho.
i dont think it is very comparable to the rear axle of a jeep. that being said, a jeep dana 35 is strong if the vehicle is kept in stock form. once bigger tires are added you're almost sure to break it if you wheel it hard. i think a ford 7.5 is even stronger than a jeep d35. a lot of people swap 8.8's in for their d35's
personally, i'm not going higher than 33's on my d35. a lot of people have broken stuff with 35's....but at the same time, i'm sure people have run larger tires and been fine....just depends on how you operate the long and skinny pedal
you've got a good axle there, as long as you dont overdo it