More 2.9 Over Heating Problems

[Big Jim M]

Mike that looks like a goodun! But, don't slack off. Check every few days to make sure you don't have a small leak elsewhere in the coolant system. A small leak will make all the work you have done go away real quick.
Big JIm

 

[r1hatman]

Good job. Burp the piss out of it!

 

[BLUTHUNDER1]

Ethylene glycol spec for big jim

Ethylene glycol
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ethylene glycol



IUPAC name[hide]
Ethane-1,2-diol
Other names[hide]
ethylene glycol, monoethylene glycol
MEG
1,2-ethanediol, MEG, glycol
Identifiers
CAS number 107-21-1
PubChem 174
SMILES [show]
Properties
Molecular formula C2H6O2
Molar mass 62.068 g/mol
Density 1.1132 g/cm³
Melting point
−12.9 °C (260 K)
Boiling point
197.3 °C (470 K)
Solubility in water Miscible with water
in all proportions.
Viscosity 1.61 × 10−2 N*s / m2[1]
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
EU classification Harmful (Xn)
R-phrases R22 R36
S-phrases S26 S36 S37 S39 S45 S53
NFPA 704
1
1
0
Flash point 111 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition
temperature 410 °C
Related compounds
Related diols Propylene glycol
Diethylene glycol
Triethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
(what is this?) (verify)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references


Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound widely used as an automotive antifreeze and a precursor to polymers. In its pure form, it is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet-tasting liquid. Ethylene glycol is toxic, and ingestion can result in death.

Ethylene glycol is not to be confused with diethylene glycol, a heavier ether diol, or with polyethylene glycol, a nontoxic polyether polymer.Contents [hide]
1 Production
1.1 Historical aspects and natural occurrence
1.2 Current methods
2 Uses
2.1 Coolant and heat transfer agent
2.2 Precursor to polymers
2.3 Hydrate inhibition
2.4 Niche applications
3 Chemical reactions
4 Toxicity
5 References
6 External links

[edit]
Production
[edit]
Historical aspects and natural occurrence

Ethylene glycol was first prepared in 1859 by the French chemist Charles-Adolphe Wurtz from ethylene glycol diacetate via saponification with potassium hydroxide and, in 1860, from the hydration of ethylene oxide. There appears to have been no commercial manufacture or application of ethylene glycol prior to World War I, when it was synthesized from ethylene dichloride in Germany and used as a substitute for glycerol in the explosives industry.

In the United States, semi-commercial production of ethylene glycol via ethylene chlorohydrin started in 1917. The first large-scale commercial glycol plant was erected in 1925 at South Charleston, West Virginia, by Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. (now Union Carbide Corp.). By 1929, ethylene glycol was being used by almost all dynamite manufacturers.

In 1937, Carbide started up the first plant based on Lefort's process for vapor-phase oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. Carbide maintained a monopoly on the direct oxidation process until 1953 when the Scientific Design process was commercialized and offered for licenses.

This molecule has been observed in outer space.[2]
[edit]
Current methods

Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation-
C2H4O + H2O → HOCH2CH2OH

This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be achieved. The major byproducts are the ethylene glycol oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. About 6.7 billion kilograms are produced annually.[3]
[edit]
Uses

Approximately 60% of ethylene glycol is consumed for antifreeze, and the remainder is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Because this material is cheaply available, it finds many niche applications.[3]
[edit]
Coolant and heat transfer agent

The major use of ethylene glycol is as a medium for convective heat transfer in, for example, automobiles and liquid cooled computers. Ethylene glycol is also commonly used in chilled water air conditioning systems that place either the chiller or air handlers outside, or systems that must cool below the freezing temperature of water. In geothermal heating/cooling systems, ethylene glycol is the fluid that transports heat through the use of a geothermal heat pump. The ethylene glycol either gains energy from the source (lake, ocean, water well) or dissipates heat to the source, depending if the system is being used for heating or cooling.

Due to its low freezing point and tendency to form glasses, ethylene glycol resists freezing. A mixture of 60% ethylene glycol and 40% water does not freeze until temperatures below -45 °C.[3] Diethyleneglycol behaves similarly. It is used as a deicing fluid for windshields and aircraft. The antifreeze capabilities of ethylene glycol have made it an important component of vitrification (anti-crystallization) mixtures for low-temperature preservation of biological tissues and organs.

Ethylene glycol disrupts hydrogen bonding when dissolved in water. Pure ethylene glycol freezes at about -12 °C, but when intermixed with water molecules, neither can readily form a solid crystal structure, and therefore the freezing point of the mixture is depressed significantly. The minimum freezing point is observed when the ethylene glycol percent in water is about 70%, as shown below. This is the reason pure ethylene glycol is not used as an antifreeze--water is a necessary component as well.
Ethylene glycol freezing point vs. concentration in waterWeight Percent EG (%) Freezing Point (deg F) Freezing Point (deg C)
0 32 0
10 25 -4
20 20 -7
30 5 -15
40 -10 -23
50 -30 -34
60 -55 -48
70 -60 -51
80 -50 -45
90 -20 -29
100 10 -12



However, the boiling point for aqueous ethylene glycol increases monotonically with increasing ethylene glycol percentage. Thus, the use of ethylene glycol not only depresses the freezing point but also elevates the boiling point such that the operating range for the heat transfer fluid is broadened on both ends of the temperature scale. The increase in boiling temperature is due to pure ethylene glycol having a much higher boiling point and lower vapour pressure than pure water; there is no chemical stabilisation against boiling of the liquid phase at intermediate compositions, as there is against freezing.


Ethylene glycol boiling point vs. concentration in waterWeight Percent EG (%) Boiling Point (deg F) Boiling Point (deg C)
0 212 100
10 215 102
20 215 102
30 220 104
40 220 104
50 225 107
60 230 110
70 240 116
80 255 124
90 285 140
100 387 197

[edit]
Precursor to polymers

In the plastics industry, ethylene glycol is important precursor to polyester fibers and resins. Polyethylene terephthalate, used to make plastic bottles for soft drinks, is prepared from ethylene glycol.
[edit]
Hydrate inhibition

Because of its high boiling point and affinity for water, ethylene glycol is a useful desiccant. Ethylene glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates (hydrates) in long multiphase pipelines that convey natural gas from remote gas fields to an onshore processing facility. Ethylene glycol can be recovered from the natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after purification treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.

Natural gas is dehydrated by ethylene glycol. In this application, ethylene glycol flows down from the top of a tower and meets a rising mixture of water vapor and hydrocarbon gases. Dry gas exits from the top of the tower. The glycol and water are separated, and the glycol recycled. Instead of removing water, ethylene glycol can also be used to depress the temperature at which hydrates are formed. The purity of glycol used for hydrate suppression (mono-ethylene glycol) is typically around 80%, whereas the purity of glycol used for dehydration (tri-ethylene glycol) is typically 95-99+%. Moreover, the injection rate for hydrate suppression is much lower than the circulation rate in a glycol dehydration tower.
[edit]
Niche applications

Minor uses of ethylene glycol include the manufacture of capacitors, as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of 1,4-dioxane and as an additive to prevent corrosion in liquid cooling systems for personal computers. Ethylene glycol is also used in the manufacture of some vaccines, but it is not itself present in these injections. It is used as a minor (1–2%) ingredient in shoe polish and also in some inks and dyes. Ethylene glycol has seen some use as a rot and fungal treatment for wood, both as a preventative and a treatment after the fact. It has been used in a few cases to treat partially rotted wooden objects to be displayed in museums. It is one of only a few treatments that are successful in dealing with rot in wooden boats, and is relatively cheap. Ethylene glycol may also be one of the minor ingredients in screen cleaning solutions, along with the main ingredient isopropyl alcohol. Ethylene glycol is commonly used as a preservative for biological specimens, especially in secondary schools during dissection as a safer alternative to formaldehyde. It can also be used in killing jars.
[edit]
Chemical reactions

Ethylene glycol is used as a protecting group for carbonyl groups in organic synthesis. Treating a ketone or aldehyde with ethylene glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst (e.g., p-toluenesulfonic acid; BF3•Et2O) gives the corresponding a 1,3-dioxolane, which is resistant to bases and other nucleophiles. The 1,3-dioxolane protecting group can thereafter be removed by further acid hydrolysis.[4] In this example, isophorone was protected using ethylene glycol with p-toluenesulfonic acid in moderate yield. Water was removed by azeotropic distillation to shift the equilibrium to the right.[5]

[edit]
Toxicity
Main article: ethylene glycol poisoning

Ethylene glycol is moderately toxic with an oral LDLO = 786 mg/kg for humans.[6] The major danger is due to its sweet taste. Because of that, children and animals are more inclined to consume large quantities of it than they are other poisons. Upon ingestion, ethylene glycol is oxidized to glycolic acid which is, in turn, oxidized to oxalic acid, which is toxic. It and its toxic byproducts first affect the central nervous system, then the heart, and finally the kidneys. Ingestion of sufficient amounts can be fatal if untreated.[7]

 

[BLUTHUNDER1]

Blu you need to google ETHYLENE GLYCOL and find out some facts about it.
Ethylene glycol doesn't boil until 450* and has been used in coolant systems in the desert for many years.
Water boils at 212* at sea level pressure. When a 16* cap is placed on a coolant system the water inside that system won't boil until a little over 235* is reached.
When the two are mixed together the freezing point of ethylene glycol is lowered from about 0*F. Ethylene glycol doesn't freeze hard at that temperature it turns "slushy".
The two components mixed together make each other more resistant to freezing. HOWEVER at 212* at sea level pressure the WATER will still boil out of the mixture.
Down here in Texas many of us run pure ethylene glycol in our rides. It is a great coolant system lubricant for the coolant pump and it will never boil out of the system. The engine will fail from heat before the ethylene glycol will boil out.
Big JIm

I GUESS YOU JUST GOT CONFUSED OR YOU ARE FULL OF IT BIG TEMP DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 387 AND 450 Ethylene glycol boiling point vs. concentration in waterWeight Percent EG (%) Boiling Point (deg F) Boiling Point (deg C)
0 212 100
10 215 102
20 215 102
30 220 104
40 220 104
50 225 107
60 230 110
70 240 116
80 255 124
90 285 140
100 387 197

 

[low_five]

a rice cooker works by monitoring the temperature. as the water boils it maintains a 212 degree temperature. as soon as the water boils away, the temperature immediately starts to rise and it knows to shut itself off, making perfect delicious rice. water, by definition, can not get hotter than 212, unless it is under pressure, in which case it can get slightly hotter. with antifreeze, it can get hotter, but as long as your system is topped off with something, you should be ok

 

[Area 52]

Well I got the new radiator in. Bolted right up and was able to use the existing hoses. Had to make a hold down for the bottom of the fan shroud. After checking with the after market gauge I hooked up the dash unit. Still shows on the warm side but now I know its ok. I payed some extra $$ because the local parts shop had one in stock and I wanted to get this project done. The unit I took out was about 1 and ¼ inches thick, The new unit is about 2 and ¼ inches thick.

ragajungle I got an electric gauge at Kragens made by EQUUS for $16. I did not mount it. I just used it in the engine bay to get a reading. But if you were going to do that I would get it with the battery and oil pressure also. In my 89 I would mount it under the ash tray.

r1hatman Thanks for the input on the radiator. I spent so much time looking at radiators online that my head was spinning so I just bought one as above. lol. But I did get a 91-94 Explorer HD with 2 rows. On yours the cap is a little lower and the outlet a little nicer than mine but I was ok.

Don't know how to post pics,....photobucket????

Mike

Mike...I just got through installing my 2-row also. New rad is the same thickness as yours. One additional mod that I did was narrowed down the depth of the fan shroud by one inch using a dremel cut-off tool. I measured from the existing inside lip with a paint stick and then carefully cut the shroud. Also...I followed the existing contour on the shroud; the passenger side of the shroud extends further toward the engine versus the driver side for fan efficiency. Knocked off the melted plastic with a file and sanding block...then a little trim paint made it look almost stock. Also used two wire ties through drilled holes in the shroud through the oval radiator frame holes. I did the shroud cut to keep the fan aligned halfway in versus all the way inside the shroud. Just got back from a test drive and the gauge didn't budge from 1/4th up from dead cold. I have a 180 thermostat which explains the low gauge reading...considering bumping it up to 190 (gauge and sender check out ok).
Cool motoring to ya!
-Kevin

 

[DesertMike345]

AREA 52/KEVIN

Thanks for the input on the shroud. Like you I think the fan should stick out somewhat. Didn’t think of that. Since mine is installed I’m going to keep an eye on it for anything weird. When I have some time I will trim off some of the shroud…Good idea with the wire ties. I used the original clamps and made them a tight fit. So far its working great. And for some of the other posts this truck gets 22 to 25 or so mpg.

Thanks
Mike