Nope. The torque output of the engine and the gearing of the transmission/first case is what determines the maximum torque that the shaft is capable of seeing.
If you have it in double low, and anchor your wheels to the ground so it is impossible for them to rotate (hypothetical), the shaft would see the same torque as if it were in 2low. Only difference is everything after the second case will see more torque in double low than in 2low, which usually causes u-joint, axle, or hub failure before the shaft sees the maximum torque load.
*edit*
Yes there is more stress on the shaft in 2 low in most situations, but that same stress is possible to obtain in double low, assuming the rest of the drivetrain is strong enough (which it usually isn't).