What engine?
No, probably not aluminum head on a ranger, weight isn't a big concern on trucks.
No, probably not warped head, pinging was from fuel mix pre-igniting from the hot cylinders and stalling maybe from the knock sensor changing the timing try to stop the knocking.
But the sudden over heating means something happened, broken hose maybe.
With coolant level low while driving, engine can maintain a little cooling, when you stopped the water pump isn't circulating as much and you got a spike in temp because of low coolant level.
Pulling over and letting engine cool down would have been best, but............
You could have blown the head gasket, that is one reason not to run an engine when temp is high, metal expands as it is heated, normal operating temp expansion is allowed for, when over heated the head will get hot spots around the cylinders, the metal there expands even more and can deform the metal cylinder rings(seals) in the head gasket, when head returns to normal temp(contracts) the deformation is a weak spot, at 700+psi pressure when cylinder fires a deformation can be a problem, it can lead to a blown cylinder/head gasket.
Some of the Ranger heads were also prone to cracking when over heated, same cause, metal expands beyond allowed for temp, weak spot cracks, usually between valve seats.
Aluminum expands even more than cast metals, which is one of the reason bi-metal engines are more susceptible to head gasket failure when over heated.
You will have to find the reason the coolant level was low and then go from there.