Smokes, you are smarter than you give yourself credit for.
There are 2 things that could easily cause the needle to jump like that. Electrical issues, or air in the system. Since it seems to have worked ok before you took everything apart, I'm gonna guess electrical isn't that likely. An electrical issue also won't cause your lack of heat.
Air in the system will cause both. Pop the rad cap off, and see if you've lost some coolant level. If so, top it off, then go drive around the block. When doing this at work I will let it run for 20 minutes in the shop with the rad cap off, top off the fluid with the engine running, then drive 1.5 miles around the block. I usually see a temp spike around .75 miles as the bubble passes.
I go back, shut it down, SLOWLY, key point there, SLOWLY, and with a shop rag open the cap. Be very careful here. Opening it hot is a key to this bleed, but there is a high risk of getting a bad steam burn. Then I top it off again, and go back out and drive about 8 miles round trip and check it again. I usually add about 1 quart (as needed) at this point, and never have any problems after that.
I know it sounds lengthy, but I have used this of many Explorers after rad replacements and it's been 100% successful so far.