Welcome to TRS
I assume a Ranger 3.0l, what year is it, it matters?
If 2004 or older then temp SENDER on the engine is probably broken.
You can test it by grounding a wire but need to know the year to tell you which wire.
Once you get the temp gauge fixed you can tell if overheating is the fan clutch or a circulation problem by watching the temp gauge while driving.
But if you want to test fan clutch now then after engine sits overnight, so cooled off, start it up and run it for 30seconds-1min, then turn engine off
Open the hood and spin the fan, should spin easily.
Now drive truck for 15minutes+ so radiator is warmed up
Shut off engine and try to spin fan again, it should move but not spin, should be very tight.