First, happy Birthday!
I doubt that anyone here can completely interpret all those labels, especially since we can't really tell from the photos what part each label is on. One of them is obviously a drive shaft, since it says so. They are there to identify the parts from time of manufacture until they are assembled in the truck at the Ford plant. That is how they make sure the right part is installed.
In modern auto assembly plants, the vehicles going down the assembly line are all mixed up, regarding options and features. They don't run a batch of 100 identicle blue Ranger XLTs at once and then a batch of red Ranger Tremors, etc. So, one Ranger might be 4x4, XLT, blue, chrome trim, 4cylinder, black interior, steel wheels with highway tires and base audio package. The one right behind it on the line might be a silver Raptor with every high end feature available. The components for each vehicle are being delivered by trucks from other plants (the tire and wheel supplier, the seat supplier, the engine plant, the carpet supplier, etc.) at just the right time for that truck to be built on that day. So everything needs a unique identification to verify that it belongs on that vehicle. For example, a forklift driver enters a semi trailer at loading dock #67 and brings out the gray plastic dash assembly for the XLT. He takes it to the production line where an employee scans the barcode on the label and the computers verify that it is the right dash for your XLT, which is identified by an order number on the chassis or body as it goes down the assembly line. Then he/she installs your dash. Meanwhile, the forklift driver went back to the trailer and brought out the next dash assembly, which better be the black one that goes in that Raptor. The labels will confirm it. All the parts are delivered in the right order at the right time for each customers truck to be assembled at that hour on that day. It is all orchestrated months in advance. That is what those labels are for.
That round ball is a vacuum reservoir tjat helps ypur HVAC controls work properly even when there isn't much vacuum available from the engines untake manifold. The blend doors in older vehicles, that direct air to heat or cool, defrost or panel vents or foot vents, etc. are vacuum operated. That reservoir stores extra vacuum power.
The blue flexible tubing in the 6th photo is just there to protect those wires from chafing as the truck vibrates. That way it doesn't rub through the wire insulation and allow the circuit to short to ground.
