Just updating the thread, incase someone else has this problem.
8/21/09:
RESOLVED!
This entire issue turned out to be a FUEL PUMP that was going bad. It was providing ~20lbs of pressure. Just enough for the engine to run, until it needed fuel "on driver demand". It was fuel starved, as the pump couldn't provide the ~35lbs of pressure that it normally does. It cost me $278 to have a mechanic replace the fuel pump.
The mechanic stated that when you turn on the key and the fuel pump primes, it provides around ~40 lbs of pressure to start the engine. My pump was providing around 20, just enough to start and stay running, but it had a hard time under load but could provide enough fuel to drive it.
I've also posted the solution under the original message that I started the thread with.
I'd like to thank everyone who offered suggestions as to how I can fix it. Through all the troubleshooting, I'm now quite familiar with my engine and am more comfortable working on it.
Thanks guys!