If you pull up a 2006 Ford Ranger Brochure, it lists an FX 4 and an FX 4 Level 2 option. Both have listed different standard wheels for their particular packages. The FX 4 lists 16 inch wheels as standard while the FX 4 Level 2 lists 15 inchers as standard. The 15 inchers were not even listed as an option for the FX 4.
Possible this has a bearing on the fitment of 15 to 16 inch wheels to the OP and his Ranger.
Brochure does not list anything as to brake size.
But, if you google up rear brake shoes for a 2006 Ranger 4 x 4, it lists two sizes, a 9 inch and a 10 inch, which indicates there were indeed 2 different brake sizes.
Front disks and calipers look to be the same for both.
Grumpaw