All thats directly controlled electronically is fuel injection, however everything is monitored electronically. If the oil temp, level, or pressure is out of range it will shut down. If a single injector faults, it will shut down. If fuel pressure is out of range it will shut down. It has a circuit to test the tps, if im standing on the skinny pedal and the idle validation switch says otherwise, it will drop to idle. These things are a little over engineered.
Normally i would start hunting mechanical problems before looking into the electronics, the diesels i grew up on didn't have brains, the didn't need them. This thing is nothimg but a big damned paperweight without all the electrical crap controlling it, that and the fact that i had strikingly similar symptoms last year that were caused by a faulty piece of electronics, i can't help but think its an electrical problem.