I'll assume this is a 2150A on an '83 2.8. The adjustment is simple, there is a notch on the choke thermostat; you like this up with the index marking on the metal housing and tighten the three screws. Originally, these were screws with breakaway heads to keep people from trying to adjust it. Voltage to the heater in the choke thermostat is controlled by the ecm.
I'd check for voltage to the terminal on the choke thermostat, and then verify the electric heater is producing heat. It sounds like the bimetallic spring in the thermostat is being heated (eventually) by engine compartment heat rather than the heating element in the cap. Original part number is E3TZ-9848-G (Motorcraft CM-4201).
There are three idle speeds to set in these carburetors.
The proper range for idle mixture screws is 2 1/4 turns from fully seated to 3 1/4, with 2 3/4 being the starting point.? The proper way to set this mixture is with a propane enrichment setup.