If I understand window R values, air has an R value. Iirc the gap between panes cannot exceed 5/8" or the air will circulate and transfer heat from one glass pane to the other. Less gap and the air is stationary and no heat transfer. Granted, I'm no scientist , but I've installed thousands of windows and looked into the insulation properties of them. So I'm assuming the same properties would apply to an air gap with other types of material, but I dont really know. But I do know that stopping air movement is critical to making the most of whatever type of insulation you have. Pressure difference between inside and outside will cause air movement thru the walls unless dealt with. I've pulled enough dirty fiberglass to see that first hand.