Ray, this may be can help you. I replace EVERYTHING on the cooling system of my 88 2.9L ( water pump, hoses, radiator, thermostat, fan clutch, heater core, etc, etc, etc and looking for Motorcraft or Ford parts, no cheap aftermarket trash) trying to solve kind of possessed temp gauge... one day high temp on traffic stops, next day high temp on the highway, other day normal temp, next day high temp if I turn on the AC and so .... replaced 4 thermostat, different brands and temps.... problem still. Totally tired of the problems I decide to remove the thermostat... then she run too cold and start to drinking gas like a 747 Jumbo... So, I decide to do something I hear from my father 50 years ago, drill four 1/8" holes on the thermostat to improve water flow and reduce the thermal shock over the radiator every time the thermostat open, also help to remove air from the system... well, problem solved. I know is not the perfect technical solution but it works, temp is stable now on the "M" and I can drive safely, looking traffic outside with both eyes instead have one on the temp gauge all the time... I order now a new thermostat, 160 degrees that offer 50% more water flow to test if it works, I will keep you posted....