I don't know if there are any good reloading books out there but I want to say that the Hornady reloading manuals have a pretty thick section in the front that talks about how to load, what to look for in cases, etc.
.30-06 is one that can be loaded light or heavy, IIRC it can be loaded from like a 110 grain bullet up to a 220 grain bullet. You used to be able to get inserts that would hold a 50 or 55 grain .223 bullet too, dunno if they're still available. When it comes to bullet selection though, it's largely going to depend on what you're doing with it. For deer, a 150 grain is adequate, just use a premium hunting bullet for hunting purposes. Arguably a 150 grain would be adequate for black bear too.
One problem you may have is finding reloading stuff for sale right now. From what I've heard, there really isn't anything available.
If it was me, I'd probably be looking for an RCBS Rock Chucker (preferred) or a Lee "O" press. Get a set of Lee Deluxe rifle dies (preferred) or RCBS dies. Get a Lee hand priming tool. Lyman case trimmer. Calipers. Scale. Hornady One-Shot case lube. Primer pocket cleaner and case neck deburrer (lyman makes a nice set). For primers, Federal #210 large rifle. For powder, I'd find a local friend that reloads that will let you try a couple powders to work up a load, you'll find real quick that your rifle will like one particular load better than another. If I couldn't find someone to "borrow" powder from, I'd get some IMR 4064 to start.
I think that about covers the basics....